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African Crop Science Journal
African Crop Science Society
ISSN: 1021-9730
EISSN: 1021-9730
Vol. 26, No. 4, 2018, pp. 463-475
Bioline Code: cs18032
Full paper language: French
Document type: Research Article
Document available free of charge

African Crop Science Journal, Vol. 26, No. 4, 2018, pp. 463-475

 fr Identification moleculaire des champignons des semences chez l’Assamela suivi de leur protection a partir des poudres et extraits issus de plantes medicinales
Djeugap, J.F.; Nzuta, C.; Kenmogne, G.; Tekam, P. & Kyalo, M.

Résumé

Les champignons des semences constituent l’une des contraintes majeures de régénération naturelle des peuplements de l’Assamela ( Pericopsis elata check for this species in other resources ) dans les forêts de production au Cameroun. Cette étude a avait pour objectif de contribuer à la protection des semences chez l’assamela par l’utilisation des substances naturelles d’origine végétale ( Vitex doniana check for this species in other resources , Paullinia pinnata check for this species in other resources , Citrus sinensis check for this species in other resources , Ageratum conyzoides check for this species in other resources et Carica papaya check for this species in other resources ). Le Kit (Zymo Research) a été utilisé pour l’extraction d’ADN des champignons et les portions ITS des gènes de l’ADN ribosomial séquencés. Les poudres végétales ont été testées à 10% (m m-1) et les extraits aqueux et éthanoliques, aux concentrations respectives de 100 g ml-1 et 48 g ml-1. Le fongicide Thirame a été utilisé comme témoin positif. Les champignons pathogènes des semences ont été : Aspergillus niger check for this species in other resources , Macrophomina phaseolina check for this species in other resources , Aspergillus flavus check for this species in other resources et Fusarium equiseti. Le taux d’infection des semences a été de 67% chez le lot témoin négatif. Les semences conservées dans les poudres ont donné des taux d’infections inférieurs à 8% significativement comparable (P<0,05) à ceux du fongicide de synthèse Thirame (3,33%). Les poudres n’ont pas eu d’effet sur la germination à la concentration testée10%. Seuls les extraits aqueux de Citrus sinensis, Ageratum conyzoides et Carica papaya ont offert des taux de germination élévés de 92 ; 92 et 97% respectivement. Les poudres testées et l’extrait aqueux de A. conyzoides pourraient constituer des alternatives à la protection chimique des semences de P. elata.

Mots Clés
Pericopsis elata; extraits végétaux; poudres végétales; protection des semences; champignons des semences

 
 en
Djeugap, J.F.; Nzuta, C.; Kenmogne, G.; Tekam, P. & Kyalo, M.

Abstract

Seedborne fungi constitute one of the major constraints of natural regeneration of Assamela ( Pericopsis elata check for this species in other resources ) stands in Cameroon’s forest production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the capacity of a botanical ( Vitex doniana check for this species in other resources , Paullinia pinnata check for this species in other resources , Citrus sinensis check for this species in other resources , Ageratum conyzoides check for this species in other resources and Carica papaya check for this species in other resources ) to protect Assamela seeds against seedborne fungal pathogens. Fungal DNA extraction was done using the Zymo Research Kit and the internal transcribe spacer (ITS) portions of ribosomal DNA genes were sequenced. Plant powders were tested at 10% (mass/mass) and the efficiency of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts was evaluated at 100 g ml-1 and 48 g ml-1, respectively. Thirame (reference fungicide) was used as positive control. Pathogenic seedborne fungi were found to be Aspergillus niger check for this species in other resources , Macrophomina phaseolina check for this species in other resources , Aspergillus flavus check for this species in other resources and Fusarium equiseti. Seed infection was 67% in the negative control. Seeds stored in plant powders gave infection rates of less than 8% (P<0.05) comparable to those of the synthesis fungicide Thirame (3.33%). The powders had no effect on germination at 10%. Only aqueous extracts of Citrus sinensis, Ageratum conyzoides and Carica papaya gave high germinations of 92, 92 and 97%, respectively. The plant powders tested and the aqueous extract of A. conyzoides could be considered as alternatives to chemical protection of P. elata seeds.

Keywords
Pericopsis elata; plant extracts; plant powder; seedborne fungi; seed protection

 
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