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African Crop Science Journal
African Crop Science Society
ISSN: 1021-9730 EISSN: 1021-9730
Vol. 5, No. 4, 1997, pp. 325-340
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Bioline Code: cs97039
Full paper language: English
Document type: Research Article
Document available free of charge
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African Crop Science Journal, Vol. 5, No. 4, 1997, pp. 325-340
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Improving the efficiency in breeding cowpea for adaptation in semi-arid tropics
Muleba, N.; Ouedraogo, J.T.; Drabo, I. & Dabire, C.
Abstract
Crops in semi-arid tropics (SAT) are subject to yield losses due to drought
and heat stress as well as excess moisture. Cultivars in these ecologies
should be genetically buffered against environmental variations to ensure
food security. A strategy for combining, in a cross, genes for high yield,
tolerance to drought, heat and excess moisture, and resistance to
associated diseases is presented. The research objective was to improve,
over currently used breeding approaches, the efficiency in developing high
yielding and highly adapted cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.)
cultivars. To this end, crosses were made involving parents of various
characteristics and origins. Offsprings from the crosses were first
screened for disease resistance. They were then subjected to a successional
sowing cultivar evaluation (SSCE) for the identification of productive and
adapted genotypes and were further evaluated for adaptation in various SAT
in Burkina Faso. Selected recombinant genotypes were further evaluated for
adaptation in various SAT ecologies in West and Central Africa. New, higher
yielding and better adapted genotypes were identified only from crosses
that involved high yielding parents adapted to extreme conditions in the
different ecologies in the sub region. Some of the recovered genotypes
showed stable, high yields and good adaptation in specific and also across
different ecologies in semi-arid West and Central Africa. This indicated
that the breeding strategy used was effective for the development of
cultivars highly adapted to semi-arid tropical conditions.
Keywords
Adaptation, breeding, drought, excess moisture, resistance, semi-arid tropics, stability, tolerance, Vigna unguiculata, yield
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fr |
Muleba, N.; Ouedraogo, J.T.; Drabo, I. & Dabire, C.
Résumé
La culture du niebe (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) en zones semi-arids
tropicales subit d'importantes chutes de rendements subsequantes a la
secheresse et/ou au stress thermique ainsi qu'a l'exces d'humidite. Les
cultivars diffuses dans ces zones ecologiques doivent etre genetiquement
tamponnes contre les aleas climatiques afin d'y securiser la production
alimentaire. Une strategie: d'apport, par croisements, d'un ensemble des
genes fonctionnels pour la haute productivite et la resistance/tolerance a
la secheresse, au stress thermique et a l'exces d'humidite y compris les
maladies qui y sont associees en vue de favoriser, par brassage, la
formation des genotypes de recombinaison tres productive et a adaptation
tres large est ici presentee. L'enjeu de cette recherche etait d'ameliorer
l'efficacite du developpement de nouveaux cultivars de niebe hautement
productifs et bien adaptes. A cet egard, des croisements impliquant des
parents des caracteristiques et d'origines diverses ont ete effectues. Les
descendants issus de ces croisements ont d'abord ete cribles pour la
resistance aux maladies. Ensuite, ils ont ete evalues au Burkina Faso en
utilisant differentes dates de semis. Ceci afin de les exposer aux
conditions variables de l'environment et de selectionner ceux ayant un bon
comportement tout en etant hautement productifs. Les genotypes ainsi
selectionnes ont en-outre fait l'objet d'evaluation dans diverses ecologies
de la zone semi-aride de l'Afrique du Centre et de l'Ouest. Quelques
genotypes de recombinaison, hautement productifs et bien adaptes, ont ete
recouvres seulement dans les populations issues des croisements dont les
parents etaient tres productifs et adaptes aux conditions extremes dans les
differentes ecologies de la zone semi-aride. Certains de ces genotypes ont
exhibe non seulement un haut rendement stable, mais aussi une bonne
adaptation tant aux conditions specifiques qu'a travers les differentes
ecologies semi-arides en Afrique du Centre et der L'Ouest. II apparait donc
que la strategie utilisee a ete tres efficace pour le developpement de
nouveaux cultivars de niebe a haute productivite et bien adpates aux
conditions semi-arides tropicales.
Mots Clés
Adaptation, amelioration, exces d'humidite, rendement, resistance, secheresse, stabilite, tolerance, Vigna unguiculata, zones semi-arides tropicales
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© Copyright 1997 - African Crop Science Society
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