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The potential of local cultivars in sorghum improvement in Mali Toure, A.; Traore, K.; Bengaly, A.; Scheuring, J.F.; Rosenow, D.T. & Rooney, L.W. Abstract Over 1300 accessions of sorghum were collected in several regions of Mali. Cultivars were evaluated for photoperiod sensitivity, maturity, genetic traits, yield, agronomic desirability, and food quality. Three major races of sorghum exist in the country: guinea, durra and caudatum. The race guinea represents about 70% of the germplasm in the country and is divided into 2 important groups: Keninke (54%) and Kende (16%). Durra sorghums are the second most important race and represents 17% of Malian sorghums. Different sources of resistance to different abiotic and biotic constraints have been identified. Series of decortication trials were performed to test the effect of kernel texture and shape on yields of decorticated grain. Milling yields of local guineas were consistently above 70%, while experimentals varied from 35% to 68%. Photoperiod sensitive sorghums tend to decrease their seed number by 34 to 58% per panicle for 15 to 30 days of delay in planting. White-seeded, tan-plant guinea-type breeding lines have been developed from the direct cross of guinea with Zerazera, Malisor 84-7 and Sureno. Progenies showed a loose panicle and a large number of seeds per panicle. N'tenimissa, a new tan plant straw glume colour progeny, possesses excellent guinea traits and yield potential and could be useful in processing. Significant information on key characteristics of guineas has been used successfully in breeding to develop new cultivars with improved agronomic and food processing properties. Keywords Guinea, improvement, milling properties, tan-plant sorghum quality

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Toure, A.; Traore, K.; Bengaly, A.; Scheuring, J.F.; Rosenow, D.T. & Rooney, L.W. Résumé Plus de 1300 accessions de sorgho ont ete collectes dans plusieurs regions du Mali. Les cultivars ont ete evalues pour la sensibilite a la photoperiode, le cycle, les caracteristiques genetiques, le rendement grain, les caraceristiques agronomiques et organoleptiques. Trois dominantes races de sorgho existent dans le pays: guinea, durra et caudatum. La race guinea represente 70% du germplasme Malien et est dividee en 2 groupes: Keninke (54%) et Kende (16%). Les sorghos durra constituent la seconde importante race et representent 17% des sorghos du Mali. Des sources de resistance aux differentes contraintes biotiques et abiotiques ont ete identifiees. Des tests de decortication ont ete realises pour apprecier l'effect de la texture et la forme de grain sur le rendement grain au decorticage. Les rendements au decorticage des sorghos guinea etaient superieurs a 70% et ceux des varietes experimentales varient entre 35% et 68%. Les sorghos sensibles a la photoperiode tendent de reduire leur nombre de grains par panicule de l'ordre de 34%a 58% suite a un retard de semis de 15 a 30 jours. Des lignees a plante-tan et a grain blanc ont ete developpees a partir des croisements de guinea avec Zerazera, Malisor 84-7 et Sureno. Les descendances ont un grand nombre de grains par panicule et une forme paniculaire leche. N'tenimissa, une nouvelle plante tan, a glume paille, possede des traits guinea et un rendement eleve. Des informations importantes sur des caracteristiques majeures des guineas ont ete utilisees en selection avec succes pour le developpement de nouveaux cultivars avec des proprietes agronomiques et de moulage ameliorees. Mots Clés Guinea, amelioration, proprietes de moulage, qualite plante-tan

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