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Determination of Endosulfan in Water Samples Using Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Micro-Extraction and Experimental Design for Optimization
Shegefti, S.; Sereshti, H. & Samadi, S.
Abstract
Water contamination due to the wide variety of pesticides used in agriculture is a
global environmental pollution problem. In order to reach at sub-μgL-1 levels of detection, an efficient
extraction technique is required. A simple, fast and economical method, dispersive liquid-liquid
micro extraction (DLLME), followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was assessed for
determining endosulfan in water samples. Experimental parameters which control the performance
of DLLME, such as extraction and disperser solvents type and their volumes, temperature, and salt
addition were studied by experimental design. The main factors affecting the extraction efficiency,
volumes of disperser and extraction solvents, were optimized by response surface method. Under
optimum conditions, the method was linear over the range 0.1-50 μg/L. The enrichment factor and
extraction recovery were 163.4 and 63.73, respectively. Correlation coefficient and limit of detection
(LODs) are 0.9996, 20 ng/L, respectively.
Keywords
Endosulfan, Pesticide, Dispersive liquid-liquid micro extraction, Gas chromatographymass spectrometry, Experimental design
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