Evaluation of the efficacy of mifepristone/misoprostol and methotrexate/misoprostol for medical abortion

BACKGROUND: Unsafe abortion is a major cause of mortality among women in India accounting for 12% of all maternal deaths. In developing countries, annually, up to 200,000 women die of complications after illegal abortion. Medical abortion is potentially a simple and a safe method for use in developing countries. We conducted a prospective controlled trial to compare the efficacy of low-lose mifepristone and methotrexate for medical abortion.
OBJECTIVE: To find out the efficacy of low-dose mifepristone and methotrexate for inducing abortion.
METHOD: In this prospective clinical study, 100 women opted for a medical method of abortion. Out of these, 50 patients were given 50 mg/m² of methotrexate intramuscularly followed by 800 micro gm of intravaginal misoprostol, and 50 patients were given 200 mg of mifepristone orally followed by 800 micro gm of intravaginal misoprostol.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Complete abortion was the principal outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures were side effects and acceptability data.
RESULTS: The rate of expulsion by first week after initiation of treatment was 58% in methotrexate and 98% in mifepristone group (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Low-dose mifepristone and intravaginal misoprostol is safe, effective, and well tolerated as compared to methotrexate and misoprostol.