CSF Beta-1 Globulin - A Potential Marker in Differentiating Multiple Sclerosis and Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis : A Preliminary Study

The exact diagnosis of demyelinating diseases is an enigma even in the best neurological centres. In the present study, the potential role of differential CSF proteins has been critically evaluated in differentiating multiple sclerosis (MS) and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). Cellulose acetate electrophoresis was carried out on CSF and serum samples of 14 MS patients, 23 ADEM patients and 30 controls. There was no statistically significant difference between serum electrophoresis of controls and MS patients. However, in case of CSF electrophoresis there was a statistically significant decrease in beta-1 fraction in 92.2% of MS patients (p=0.01). A comparison between serum electrophoresis of controls and ADEM patients indicated a statistically significant decrease in serum albumin in 87% patients and an increase of alpha-2 globulin in 73.9%. There was no statistically significant difference between CSF electrophoresis of controls and ADEM patients except for the prealbumin fraction which was raised in 60.9% of patients. No statistically significant difference was seen between the serum electrophoresis of ADEM and MS patients. However, on comparing CSF electrophoresis, it was seen that beta-1 fraction was significantly higher in ADEM patients (p<0.05). The predictive value of beta- 1 fraction in differentiating MS and ADEM was then evaluated. The negative predictive value was 100% indicating that all samples with a beta-1 fraction of >6.5% cannot be diagnosed as MS. The significant decrease in beta-1 fraction in MS patients may prove to be an early indicator in differentiating between MS and ADEM patients.

Keywords
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, CSF electrophoresis, Multiple sclerosis, Protein fractions, Serum