Effect of diet of Varying Protein concentrations on the Activity of Erythrocyte Membrane Ca2+Mg2+ ATPase in Dogs

Alterations in protein diet have been reported to result in alterations in calcium homeostasis in the body. Ca²⁺Mg²⁺ATPase is an ubiquitous enzyme important in calcium homeostasis in the body. The effect of varying protein diet on the activities of Ca²⁺ pump across cell membranes is however yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, the activity of erythrocyte membrane calcium pump in response to varying protein concentration in diet was therefore studied in the dog. The study was carried out in 24 dogs, randomly divided into 4 groups. The groups were fed with diets containing 30%, 26%, 16% and 0% proteins (high, medium, low and zero) for six weeks respectively. Blood samples were collected from each animal to determine packed cell volumes, hematocrit, blood urea, electrolyte studies and erythrocyte ghost membrane studies. The effects of Ca²⁺and ATP on the activity of Ca²⁺Mg²⁺ ATPase were determined in the isolated ghost membrane. The result of the study shows that there was a protein diet dependent increase in the activity of Ca²⁺Mg²⁺ ATPase in the presence and absence of ATP in all the groups with the highest activity recorded in the high protein diet group and the lowest activity observed in the zero protein group. There was also a protein diet dependent increase in the protein concentration of the membranes in all groups observed with the highest protein concentration recorded in the high protein diet group and the lowest activity observed in the zero protein group.. There was a significant decrease in K⁺ concentration (P<0.05) and a significant increase in urea concentration of animals fed with high protein diet (P<0.05). There was also a significant increase (P<0.05) in HCO₃^- concentration in the animals fed with medium protein diet and no significant difference in the PCV and heamatocrit values in all groups. This study has shown that high protein diets increase the activity of the Ca²⁺Mg²⁺ ATPase in the presence and absence of ATP.

Keywords
Protein diet, Membrane proteins, Ca²⁺Mg²⁺ ATPase activity, Calcium.