Aim: To characterize the genetic variability of
Streptococcus mutans
isolates and to correlate this
variability with different colonization profiles observed during dental caries in a sample of children.
Methods: S. mutans samples were isolated from the saliva of 30 children with varying histories
of dental caries, and they were characterized according to morphological and biochemical markers
and the sequences of their 16S-23S intergenic spacer region. The genetic variability of the
isolates was first assessed using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Next,
the isolates were differentiated by sequencing a specific region of the gene encoding the enzyme
glucosyltransferase B (
gtfB).
Results: Characterization using RAPD markers uncovered
significant genetic variability among the samples and indicated the existence of clusters, which
allowed us to reconstruct both the origin and clinical history of the disease. By sequencing the
16S-23S intergenic region, it was found that all of the isolates belonged to the species
S. mutans.
Based on the genetic similarity of the isolates and pattern of amino acid variations identified by
partial sequencing of the
gtfB gene, base-pair changes were identified and correlated with
different virulence patterns among the isolates.
Conclusions: The partial sequencing of the
gtfB
gene can be a useful tool for elucidating the colonization patterns of
S. mutans. As amino acid
variations are likely to be correlated with differences in biological risk, molecular characterization,
such as that described in this paper, could be the key for assessing the development of dental
caries in children.
