Etanercept Inhibits Pro - inflammatory Cytokines Expression in Titanium Particle - Stimulated Peritoneal Macrophages

Purpose: To investigate the inhibitory role of Etanercept in pro - inflammatory cytokines such as TNF - α, IL - 1β and IL - 6 production in titanium (Ti) particle stimulated macrophages.
Methods: Peritoneal macrophages were stimulated with 1 × 10⁹ Ti particles and treated simultaneously with or without 10, 100, or 1000 ng/mL Etanercept. The levels of TNF - α, IL - 1β and IL - 6 in the culture supernatants were measured using ELISA.
Results: Titanium particles could stimulate TNF - α, IL - 1β and IL - 6 secretion in peritoneal macrophages. Etanercept inhibited Ti particle - induced TNF - α release by 29.7 % at 10 ng/ml (19.19 ± 4.72 pg/mL, p < 0.01), 49.3 % at 100 ng/mL (13.83 ± 3.72 pg/ml, p < 0.01) and 60.4 % at 1000 ng/mL (10.82 ± 3.87 pg/mL, p < 0.001), IL - 1β release by 5.23 % at 10 ng/mL (34.79 ± 7.83 pg/mL, p > 0.05), 21.06 % at 100 ng/mL (28.98 ± 4.81 pg/mL, p < 0.01) and 29.83 % at 1000 ng/mL (25.76 ± 5.23 pg/ml, p < 0.001), and IL - 6 release by 38.69 % at 10 ng/mL (256.8 ± 99.56 pg/mL, p < 0.01), by 42.13 % at 100 ng/mL (242.4 ± 33.26 pg/mL, p < 0.01) and 53.4 % at 1000 ng/ml (195.2 ± 48.82 pg/mL, p < 0.001).
Conclusion: E tanercept has potent ability to prevent wear debris – induced osteolysis and may be valuable as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of prosthetic loosening in humans.

Keywords
Etanercept; titanium particle; proinflammatory cytokines; peritoneal macrophages