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Maternal Anemia during pregnancy and infant low birth weight: A systematic review and Meta-analysis
Rahmati, Shoboo; Delpishe, Ali; Azami, Milad; Ahmadi, Mohammed Reza Hafezi & Sayehmiri, Kurosh
Abstract
Background: Infant low birth weight is one of the major problems in different
societies. Different reports have provided different results regarding the relationship
between maternal anemia and infant low birth weight in different months of
pregnancy.
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between
maternal anemia during pregnancy and infant low birth weight.
Materials and Methods: This systematic review was conducted using related
keywords in national (Sid, Iran.doc, Iran medex and Magiran) and international
(PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Springer,
Embase, Google scholar) databases. Relative risks and confidence intervals were
extracted from each study. The results were combined using random-effects model
for meta-analysis. The I2 index was also used to measure heterogeneity between the
studies.
Results: Overall, 17 studies with a total sample size of 245407 entered the final
meta-analysis and demonstrated that the relative risk for maternal anemia in the first,
second and third trimester of pregnancy were 1.26 (95% CI: 1.03-1.55), 0.97 (95%
CI: 0.57-1.65), and 1.21 (95% CI: 0.84-1.76), respectively. The relationship between
maternal anemia and infant low birth weight in the first trimester of pregnancy was
significant.
Conclusion: Maternal anemia, especially during the first trimester of pregnancy, can
be considered as a risk factor for pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, one needs to take
the necessary steps to cure this disease in order to reduce the incidence of infant low
birth weight.
Keywords
Anemia; Hemoglobin; Low birth weight; Pregnancy; Pregnant women; Meta-analysis
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