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International Journal of Environment Science and Technology
Center for Environment and Energy Research and Studies (CEERS)
ISSN: 1735-1472 EISSN: 1735-1472
Vol. 11, No. 3, 2014, pp. 739-746
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Bioline Code: st14073
Full paper language: English
Document type: Research Article
Document available free of charge
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International Journal of Environment Science and Technology, Vol. 11, No. 3, 2014, pp. 739-746
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Speciation and geospatial analysis of disinfection byproducts in urban drinking water
Siddique, A.; Saied, S.; Zahir, E.; Nayyer, Z. A. & Zaigham, N. A.
Abstract
Trihalomethanes (THMs) are the most abundant
disinfection byproducts (DBPs) of the chlorination
disinfection. THMs speciation and their geospatial distribution
were examined in 58 locations throughout the water
distribution network of Karachi city. THMs (CHCl3,
CHCl2Br, CHClBr2 and CHBr3) and physico-chemical
parameters (pH, TDS, DO, Residual chlorine, temperature
and TOC) were determined. CHCl3 was the major THM
found in all water samples of 58 locations, which
accounted for 91.69 % of the total THMS followed by
CHCl2Br (5.69 %), CHClBr2 (1.78 %) and CHBr3
(0.85 %). Total THMs level exceed the maximum contamination
level of WHO and USEPA at some locations.
Varying nature of correlation from high to low was found
within THMs and among the physico-chemical parameters.
GIS linked geospatial analysis revealed the association of
THMs level with demographical and geological based
variations from east to west of Karachi city. Continuous
monitoring program and legislation for the contaminant
levels were suggested to avoid adverse public health
impact of THMs in drinking water supplies.
Keywords
Chlorination; Chloroform; Geographical information systems (GIS); Natural organic matters (NOMs); Trihalomethanes (THMs)
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