Background: Aphania senegalensis (Sapindaceae) is commonly used in Senegalese traditional medicine to treat pain,
inflammation, asthenia, bacterial and fungal infections.
The aim of this study was to determine the type of phytochemical constituents present in the ethanol leaf extract and its
antimicrobial activity against selected bacterial and fungal pathogens.
Materials and Methods: The ethanol leaf extract of
A. senegalensis was evaluated for its cytotoxic effect in the MTT
assay against Vero cells. Flavonoids and tannins were the main constituents of the ethanol leaf extract.
Results: The extract inhibited the growth of the three fungal strains used in this study moderately with the lowest MIC
obtained for
Candida albicans
(0.16 mg/mL). The extract also inhibited the growth of
Aspergillus fumigatus
and
Cryptococcus neoformans
with an MIC of 0.62 mg/mL. For bacterial pathogens, strong inhibition was obtained against
Enterococcus faecalis
(ATTC 29212) (MIC 0.08 mg/mL), while moderate inhibition was obtained for
Escherichia coli
(ATTC 25922) (MIC 0.16 mg/mL) and
Staphylococcus aureus
(ATTC 29213) (MIC 0.31mg/mL). The extract however
did not inhibit the growth of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(ATTC 27853) at the highest concentration (2.5 mg/ml) tested.
The ethanol leaf extract of
A. senegalensis had a higher cytotoxicity than berberine used as the positive control (LC
50
2.67±0.04 μg/mL and 9.99±0.54 μg/mL respectively). The best selectivity index values was obtained for
Enterococcus
faecalis (SI = 1.24), followed by
Escherichia coli (SI = 0.62) for bacterial pathogens and
C. albicans (SI = 0.62) for
fungal pathogens.
Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that the extracts may not be safe for use in animals infected by some
pathogens.
