Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran is usually caused by
Leishmania major
or
L. tropica
. However, the
direct examination or the cultures of biopsies for diagnosis are not very sensitive. The objective of this
study was to identify the responsible species obtained from patients suspected of cutaneous leishmaniasis
referred to the reference laboratory at Yazd in Iran during 2010-2011 using parasitological and molecular
assays. After completing a clinical/epidemiologic data questionnaire for 145 patients with suspected skin
lesions, scraping samples were collected. Each specimen was examined using both direct microscopy and
molecular assay using polymerase chain reaction-restriction length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Location of
the lesions included 47.7% on hands, 30.7% on face, 15.4% on feet, and the remainder on other regions. Out
of 145 samples, Leishman body was observed in 52 by direct smear and 73 by PCR assay. Molecular assay
indicated 36 cases as
L. major, 36 cases as
L. tropica and one case as unknown. In conclusion, molecular
characterization showed changing profile of
Leishmania species in the study area which may have
implications on treatment and/or control strategies.
