The bark is a protective tissue of the tree-cambium and the exposition to temperatures above 60°C for
1 to 2 minutes, which is one of the main factors that cause tree mortality in forest fires. In this research,
it was studied the bark protection levels of
Eucalyptus grandis
and of three tree-species of ‘cerrado’:
Pterodon
pubescens
,
Sclerolobium paniculatum
and
Vochysia thyrsoidea
and the effects of these tree bark
architectures in heat transfer. Samples were taken from bark panels representing five trees of each species.
The time of heat exposure required to damage the tree-cambium until temperature reached 60°C (lethal
temperature) and the roughness coefficient (architecture) was estimated by the ratio between the actual
area and the nominal sample area. The
Sclerolobium paniculatum, with thinner bark, showed the shortest
time and
Eucalyptus grandis and
Pterodon pubescens the longer time. The only exception was
Vochysia
thyrsoidea with a greater thickness and showed the shortest times. The tree species with the highest
correlation between time and the total thickness was
Sclerolobium paniculatum (r = 0,93).
Pterodon
pubescens and
Eucalyptus grandis showed r = 0,73 and r = 0,56, respectively and
Vochysia thyrsoidea
presented the lower correlation coefficient (0,34). The highest roughness was observed for
Vochysia
thyrsoidea, which was significantly different from the other tree-species. However, the correlation
coefficient between time and surface roughness was not significant for all tree-species, which suggest that the increase of the roughness did not affect the heat transfer through the bark.