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Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz
ISSN: 1678-8060 EISSN: 1678-8060
Vol. 109, No. 3, 2014, pp. 315-323
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Bioline Code: oc14043
Full paper language: English
Document type: Research Article
Document available free of charge
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Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Vol. 109, No. 3, 2014, pp. 315-323
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Megazol and its bioisostere 4H-1,2,4-triazole: comparing the trypanocidal, cytotoxic and genotoxic activities and their in vitro and in silico interactions with the Trypanosoma brucei nitroreductase enzyme
de Carvalho, Alcione Silva; Salomão, Kelly; de Castro, Solange Lisboa; Conde, Taline Ramos; Zamith, Helena Pereira da Silva; Caffarena, Ernesto Raúl; Hall, Belinda Suzette; Wilkinson, Shane Robert & Boechat, Núbia
Abstract
Megazol (7) is a 5-nitroimidazole that is highly active against Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma brucei, as
well as drug-resistant forms of trypanosomiasis. Compound 7 is not used clinically due to its mutagenic and genotoxic
properties, but has been largely used as a lead compound. Here, we compared the activity of 7 with its 4H-1-
,2,4-triazole bioisostere (8) in bloodstream forms of T. brucei and T. cruzi and evaluated their activation by T. brucei
type I nitroreductase (TbNTR) enzyme. We also analysed the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of these compounds in
whole human blood using Comet and fluorescein diacetate/ethidium bromide assays. Although the only difference
between 7 and 8 is the substitution of sulphur (in the thiadiazole in 7) for nitrogen (in the triazole in 8), the results
indicated that 8 had poorer antiparasitic activity than 7 and was not genotoxic, whereas 7 presented this effect. The
determination of Vmax indicated that although 8 was metabolised more rapidly than 7, it bounds to the TbNTR with
better affinity, resulting in equivalent kcat/KM values. Docking assays of 7 and 8 performed within the active site of a
homology model of the TbNTR indicating that 8 had greater affinity than 7.
Keywords
megazol; Trypanosoma cruzi; Trypanosoma brucei; T. brucei nitroreductase; genotoxicity
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